You have a couple of options:
1. Use Screen Options at the top of the page to uncheck which columns are displayed in the table (only affects currently logged in user)
2. Use the filter wpseo_use_page_analysis as explained in the API docs like this (should go inside your functions.php file):
add_filter( 'wpseo_use_page_analysis', '__return_false' );
3. Use a plugin like Codepress Admin Columns to show/hide specific columns on a variety of admin screens (love this plugin!)
P.S. This has already been dealt with multiple times in these forums, I know searching the forums isn't fun-- but sometimes it saves you time ;)