I've just used this for a site I'm working on. It may need tweaking for you own set up:
/**
* Convert Yoast breadcrumbs to use Microdata
*
* @params string $breadcrumbs Breadcrumb HTML
* @return string
* @author Jaik Dean
**/
function convertBreadcrumbsToMicrodata($breadcrumbs)
{
// remove the XML namespace
$breadcrumbs = str_replace(' xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#"', '', $breadcrumbs);
// convert each breadcrumb
$breadcrumbs = preg_replace(
'/<span typeof="v:Breadcrumb"><a href="([^"]+)" rel="v:url" property="v:title">([^<]+)<\\/a><\\/span>/',
'<span itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a href="$1" itemprop="url"><span itemprop="title">$2</span></a></span>',
$breadcrumbs
);
$breadcrumbs = preg_replace(
'/<span typeof="v:Breadcrumb"><span class="breadcrumb_last" property="v:title">([^<]+)<\\/span><\\/span>/',
'<span itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><span class="breadcrumb_last" itemprop="title">$1</span></span>',
$breadcrumbs
);
return $breadcrumbs;
}
add_filter('wpseo_breadcrumb_output', 'convertBreadcrumbsToMicrodata');